Our graphite friction pair materials encompass a range of custom-formulated mechanical carbons, including molded graphite, isostatically pressed high-purity graphite, impregnated modified graphite, and graphene/carbon nanotube composite graphite. Key properties include an ultra-low coefficient of friction (0.05–0.15 under dry friction, as low as 0.01 under oil lubrication), exceptional self-lubrication, high wear resistance and anti-seizure performance, thermal stability across -60°C to 300°C, high thermal conductivity, and excellent dimensional stability. Through formula modification, these materials can be tailored to meet the full range of operational scenarios in humanoid robots. Core applications are as follows:

These materials are used in rotary/linear joint modules and harmonic/planetary gear reducers—critical components for motion control. Traditional metal friction pairs suffer from wear, temperature rise, increased backlash, and precision degradation under long-term high-frequency reciprocating motion, and miniaturized designs preclude continuous lubrication.

Our graphite friction pairs can be machined into reducer end thrust washers, wear-resistant liners for meshing pairs, wear-resistant bushings for joint rotating shafts, and plain bearing sleeves. Replacing conventional metal friction pairs with their self-lubricating properties reduces joint no-load power consumption by 15–25%, mitigates precision degradation caused by temperature rise, and extends service life by more than 3 times compared to traditional copper-based bushings. They also serve as mating friction pairs for torque sensor elastomers, eliminating frictional disturbances that affect force control accuracy and enhancing the compliance and precision of human-robot interaction.

Dexterous hands are the core of precise manipulation in humanoid robots, but their millimeter-scale micro-joints lack space for continuous lubrication systems, leading to wear and jamming during high-frequency grasping.

Our graphite friction pairs can be fabricated into sliding friction plates for knuckle micro-joints, miniature bushings, and wear-resistant liners for ball screw drives, fitting within the millimeter-scale installation space of dexterous hands to enable stable, oil-free operation during high-frequency grasping, solving the critical issue of lubrication failure in micro-joints. Modified graphite anti-slip and wear-resistant liners can also be produced to enable non-damaging grasping of fragile items and precision components.

These materials function as thrust friction pairs for servo motor rotor ends and motor bearing cage materials, reducing frictional heat generation during high-speed rotation and increasing the upper limit of motor power density. For heavy-duty humanoid robots, they are used in hydraulic actuator plunger and valve plate friction pairs to reduce internal leakage in hydraulic systems, improving transmission efficiency and load capacity. High-thermal-conductivity dry-running graphite can be machined into thermal management gaskets for battery packs, providing efficient heat dissipation paths for battery packs and servo drives and preventing thermal runaway under high-load conditions.